NVL Nicht-spezifischer Kreuzschmerz, 2. Auflage

Literatur

  1. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV). Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Kreuzschmerz - Kurzfassung, 1. Auflage. Version 5. 2011 [cited: 2015 Oct 05]. DOI: 10.6101/AZQ/000251. http://doi.org/10.6101/AZQ/000251.
  2. Europarat, Verbindung der Schweizer Ärztinnen und Ärzte, Ärztliche Zentralstelle Qualitätssicherung (ÄZQ), et al. Entwicklung einer Methodik für die Ausarbeitung von Leitlinien für optimale medizinische Praxis. Empfehlung Rec (2001)13 des Europarates am 10. Oktober 2001 und Erläuterndes Memorandum. Deutschsprachige Ausgabe. Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich 2002;96(Suppl III):3-60. http://www.leitlinien.de/mdb/edocs/pdf/literatur/europaratmethdt.pdf.
  3. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV). Beurteilungskriterien für Leitlinien in der medizinischen Versorgung - Beschlüsse der Vorstände der Bundesärztekammer und Kassenärztlicher Bundesvereinigung, Juni 1997. Dtsch Arztebl 1997;94(33):A-2154-5.
  4. Qaseem A, Forland F, Macbeth F, et al. Guidelines International Network: Toward International Standards for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Intern Med 2012;156(7):525-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22473437.
  5. Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Deutsches Instrument zur methodischen Leitlinien-Bewertung (DELBI). Fassung 2005/2006 + Domäne 8. 2008 [cited: 2016 Jan 04]. http://www.leitlinien.de/mdb/edocs/pdf/literatur/delbi-fassung-2005-2006-domaene-8-2008.pdf.
  6. Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Das AWMF-Regelwerk Leitlinien. München: Zuckschwerdt; 2012. http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/awmf-regelwerk.html.
  7. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationales Programm für VersorgungsLeitlinien. Methoden-Report 4. Auflage. 2010 [cited: 2015 Sep 15]. DOI: 10.6101/AZQ/000061. http://www.leitlinien.de/mdb/downloads/nvl/methodik/mr-aufl-4-version-1.pdf.
  8. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV). Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Kreuzschmerz - Leitlinienreport, 2. Auflage. Version 1 [in Erstellung. 2017 [cited: 2017 Jan 10]. DOI: 10.6101/AZQ/000330. http://doi.org/10.6101/AZQ/000330.
  9. Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (OCEBM). OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group. The Oxford Levels of Evidence 2. 2011 [cited: 2016 Aug 30]. http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=5653.
  10. Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol 2007;7:10. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-7-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17302989.
  11. Balshem H, Helfand M, Schunemann HJ, et al. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 2011;64(4):401-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21208779.
  12. Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004;328(7454):1490-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205295.
  13. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008;336(7650):924-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436948.
  14. Dunham RB. Nominal Group Technique: A Users' guide. Madison: Wisconsin School of Business; 1998.
  15. Stinner B, Bauhofer A, Sitter H, et al. Nominaler Gruppenprozess als Konsensusinstrument zur Einschränkung der Therapieheterogenität in einer komplexen "outcome"-Studie. Intensivmed Notfallmed 2000;37 Suppl. 2:30.
  16. Murphy MK, Black NA, Lamping DL, et al. Consensus development methods, and their use in clinical guideline development. Health Technol Assess 1998;2(3):i-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9561895.
  17. Becker A, Hildebrandt J, Müller G. Europäische Leitlinie für den Umgang mit unspezifischen Kreuzschmerzen. Deutsche Zusammenfassung. 2006 [cited: 2007 Mar 23]. http://schmerzambulanz.humanmedizin-goettingen.de/.
  18. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin (DEGAM). Kreuzschmerzen. Düsseldorf: DEGAM; 2003 (DEGAM-Leitlinie; 3).
  19. von Korff M, Ormel J, Keefe FJ, et al. Grading the severity of chronic pain. Pain 1992;50(2):133-49. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1408309.
  20. Wurmthaler C, Gerbershagen HU, Dietz G, et al. Chronifizierung und psychologische Merkmale-Die Beziehung zwischen Chronifizierungsstadien bei Schmerz und psychophysischem Befinden, Behinderung und familiären Merkmalen. Z Geshundheitspsych 1996;4(2):113-36.
  21. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Orthopädie undOrthopädische Chirurgie (DGOOC), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische Medizin undPsychotherapie (DGPM), et al. Leitlinie für die Begutachtung von Schmerzen. 2007 [cited: 2010 Jul 13]. http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/AWMF/ll/030-102.htm.
  22. Schmidt CO, Raspe H, Pfingsten M, et al. Back pain in the German adult population: prevalence, severity, and sociodemographic correlates in a multiregional survey. Spine 2007;32(18):2005-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17700449.
  23. Robert Koch Institut (RKI). Gesundheit in Deutschland. Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes. Gemeinsam getragen von RKI und Destatis. Berlin: RKI; 2015. http://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Gesundheitsmonitoring/Gesundheitsberichterstattung/GesInDtld/gesundheit_in_deutschland_2015.pdf.
  24. Zentralinstitut für die kassenärztliche Versorgung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (ZI), Schulz M, Kaufmann J. Auswertung zum unspezifischen Kreuzschmerz (Präsentation). 2016.
  25. Schneider S, Mohnen SM, Schiltenwolf M, et al. Comorbidity of low back pain: Representative outcomes of a national health study in the Federal Republic of Germany. Eur J Pain 2006;11:387-97. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16793296.
  26. Hagen EM, Svensen E, Eriksen HR, et al. Comorbid subjective health complaints in low back pain. Spine 2006;31(13):1491-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741460.
  27. Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Kyvik KO, et al. Comorbidity with low back pain: a cross-sectional population-based survey of 12- to 22-year-olds. Spine 2004;29(13):1483-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15223944.
  28. Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Manniche C. Is low back pain part of a general health pattern or is it a separate and distinctive entity? A critical literature review of comorbidity with low back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2003;26(4):243-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750659.
  29. Currie SR, Wang J. Chronic back pain and major depression in the general Canadian population. Pain 2004;107(1-2):54-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14715389.
  30. Polatin PB, Kinney RK, Gatchel RJ, et al. Psychiatric illness and chronic low-back pain. The mind and the spine--which goes first? Spine 1993;18(1):66-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8434327.
  31. Ritzwoller DP, Crounse L, Shetterly S, et al. The association of comorbidities, utilization and costs for patients identified with low back pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2006;7:72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16982001.
  32. Schur EA, Afari N, Furberg H, et al. Feeling bad in more ways than one: comorbidity patterns of medically unexplained and psychiatric conditions. J Gen Intern Med 2007;22(6):818-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17503107.
  33. Robert Koch Institut (RKI), Raspe H. Rückenschmerzen. Berlin: RKI; 2012 (Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes; 53).
  34. Wenig CM, Schmidt CO, Kohlmann T, et al. Costs of back pain in Germany. Eur J Pain 2009;13(3):280-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18524652.
  35. Andersson GB. The epidemiology of spinal disorders. In: Frymoyer JW, editor. The adult spine: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997. p. 93-141.
  36. Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Manniche C. Low back pain: what is the long-term course? A review of studies of general patient populations. Eur Spine J 2003;12(2):149-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12709853.
  37. Itz CJ, Geurts JW, van KM, et al. Clinical course of non-specific low back pain: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies set in primary care. Eur J Pain 2013;17(1):5-15. DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00170.x. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22641374.
  38. da C.Menezes Costa, Maher CG, Hancock MJ, et al. The prognosis of acute and persistent low-back pain: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 2012;184(11):E613-E624. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.111271. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22586331.
  39. Wynne-Jones G, Cowen J, Jordan JL, et al. Absence from work and return to work in people with back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2014;71(6):448-56. DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101571. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24186944.
  40. Hallegraeff JM, Krijnen WP, van der Schans CP, et al. Expectations about recovery from acute non-specific low back pain predict absence from usual work due to chronic low back pain: a systematic review. J Physiother 2012;58(3):165-72. DOI: 10.1016/S1836-9553(12)70107-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22884183.
  41. Gurung T, Ellard DR, Mistry D, et al. Identifying potential moderators for response to treatment in low back pain: A systematic review. Physiotherapy 2015;101(3):243-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.01.006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25769189.
  42. Chou R, Shekelle P. Will this patient develop persistent disabling low back pain? JAMA 2010;303(13):1295-302. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.344. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20371789.
  43. Taylor JB, Goode AP, George SZ, et al. Incidence and risk factors for first-time incident low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine J 2014;14(10):2299-319. DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.01.026. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24462537.
  44. Linton SJ. A review of psychological risk factors in back and neck pain. Spine 2000;25(9):1148-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10788861.
  45. Pincus T, Burton AK, Vogel S, et al. A systematic review of psychological factors as predictors of chronicity/disability in prospective cohorts of low back pain. Spine 2002;27(5):E109-E120. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11880847.
  46. Wertli MM, Rasmussen-Barr E, Held U, et al. Fear-avoidance beliefs-a moderator of treatment efficacy in patients with low back pain: a systematic review. Spine J 2014;14(11):2658-78. DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.02.033. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24614254.
  47. Wertli MM, Eugster R, Held U, et al. Catastrophizing-a prognostic factor for outcome in patients with low back pain: a systematic review. Spine J 2014;14(11):2639-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.03.003. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24607845.
  48. Wertli MM, Burgstaller JM, Weiser S, et al. Influence of catastrophizing on treatment outcome in patients with nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review. Spine (Phila Pa 1976 ) 2014;39(3):263-73. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000110. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24253796.
  49. Ramond A, Bouton C, Richard I, et al. Psychosocial risk factors for chronic low back pain in primary care--a systematic review. Fam Pract 2011;28(1):12-21. DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmq072. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20833704.
  50. Andrews NE, Strong J, Meredith PJ. Activity pacing, avoidance, endurance, and associations with patient functioning in chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012;93(11):2109-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.05.029. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22728699.
  51. Jellema P, van der Windt DA, van der Horst HE, et al. Prediction of an unfavourable course of low back pain in general practice: comparison of four instruments. Br J Gen Pract 2007;57(534):15-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17244419.
  52. Grotle M, Vollestad NK, Brox JI. Screening for yellow flags in first-time acute low back pain: reliability and validity of a Norwegian version of the Acute Low Back Pain Screening Questionnaire. Clin J Pain 2006;22(5):458-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16772801.
  53. Hasenbring MI, Hallner D, Klasen B, et al. Pain-related avoidance versus endurance in primary care patients with subacute back pain: psychological characteristics and outcome at a 6-month follow-up. Pain 2012;153(1):211-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.10.019. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22093816.
  54. Shaw WS, van der Windt DA, Main CJ, et al. Early patient screening and intervention to address individual-level occupational factors ("blue flags") in back disability. J Occup Rehabil 2009;19(1):64-80. DOI: 10.1007/s10926-008-9159-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19082875.
  55. Coenen P, Gouttebarge V, van der Burght AS, et al. The effect of lifting during work on low back pain: a health impact assessment based on a meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2014;71(12):871-7. DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102346. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25165395.
  56. Burstrom L, Nilsson T, Wahlstrom J. Whole-body vibration and the risk of low back pain and sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015;88(4):403-18. DOI: 10.1007/s00420-014-0971-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25142739.
  57. Ribeiro DC, Aldabe D, Abbott JH, et al. Dose-response relationship between work-related cumulative postural exposure and low back pain: a systematic review. Ann Occup Hyg 2012;56(6):684-96. DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mes003. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22356808.
  58. Bernal D, Campos-Serna J, Tobias A, et al. Work-related psychosocial risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders in hospital nurses and nursing aides: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2015;52(2):635-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.003. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25480459.
  59. Janwantanakul P, Sitthipornvorakul E, Paksaichol A. Risk factors for the onset of nonspecific low back pain in office workers: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2012;35(7):568-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.07.008. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22926018.
  60. Bethge M. Rückenschmerzpatienten. Psychosoziale arbeitsplatzbezogene Faktoren und berufliche Wiedereingliederung - eine Literaturübersicht. Orthopade 2010;39(9):866-73. DOI: 10.1007/s00132-010-1631-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508913.
  61. Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin. Literature Review on work-related musculoskeletal disorders as Discussion Basis for the MSD Conference on the 16th/17th of October 2009 in Dresden. 2009.
  62. Darlow B, Fullen BM, Dean S, et al. The association between health care professional attitudes and beliefs and the attitudes and beliefs, clinical management, and outcomes of patients with low back pain: a systematic review. Eur J Pain 2012;16(1):3-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.06.006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719329.
  63. Leboeuf-Y dC. Smoking and low back pain. A systematic literature review of 41 journal articles reporting 47 epidemiologic studies. Spine 1999;24(14):1463-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10423792.
  64. Shiri R, Karppinen J, Leino-Arjas P, et al. The association between smoking and low back pain: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2010;123(1):87-35. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.05.028. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102998.
  65. Leboeuf-Yde C. Body weight and low back pain. A systematic literature review of 56 journal articles reporting on 65 epidemiologic studies. Spine 2000;25(2):226-37.
  66. Dario AB, Ferreira ML, Refshauge KM, et al. The relationship between obesity, low back pain, and lumbar disc degeneration when genetics and the environment are considered: a systematic review of twin studies. Spine J 2015;15(5):1106-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.02.001. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25661432.
  67. Shiri R, Karppinen J, Leino-Arjas P, et al. The association between obesity and low back pain: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2010;171(2):135-54. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp356. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007994.
  68. Ferreira PH, Pinheiro MB, Machado GC, et al. Is alcohol intake associated with low back pain? A systematic review of observational studies. Man Ther 2013;18(3):183-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2012.10.007. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23146385.
  69. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie (DGOOC). S2k-Leitlinie zur konservativen und rehabilitativen Versorgung bei Bandscheibenvorfällen mit radikulärer Symptomatik. 2014 [cited: 2016 Aug 29]. http://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/033-048l_S2k_Bandscheibenvorfall_konservativ_rehabilitative_Versorgung_2014-07.pdf.
  70. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh), Kiltz U, Braun J. S3- Leitlinie Axiale Spondyloarthritis inklusive Morbus Bechterew und Frühformen. 2013 [cited: 2016 Aug 18]. http://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/060-003l_S3_Axiale_Spondyloarthritis_Morbus_Bechterew_2013-11.pdf.
  71. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN), Glocker FX. Lumbale Radikulopathie. 2012 [cited: 2016 Aug 18]. http://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/030-058l_S2k_Lumbale_Radikulopathie_2013_1.pdf.
  72. Dachverband Osteologie (DVO). DVO-Leitlinie. Osteoporose bei Männern ab dem 60. Lebensjahr und bei postmenopausalen Frauen. 2014 [cited: 2016 Aug 18]. http://www.dv-osteologie.org/uploads/Leitlinie%202014/DVO-Leitlinie%20Osteoporose%202014
    %20Kurzfassung%20und%20Langfassung%20Version%201a%2012%2001%202016.pdf
    .
  73. Gilbert FJ, Grant AM, Gillan MG, et al. Low back pain: influence of early MR imaging or CT on treatment and outcome--multicenter randomized trial. Radiology 2004;231(2):343-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031430.
  74. Kendrick D, Fielding K, Bentley E, et al. Radiography of the lumbar spine in primary care patients with low back pain: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2001;322(7283):400-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11179160.
  75. Jarvik JJ, Hollingworth W, Heagerty P, et al. The Longitudinal Assessment of Imaging and Disability of the Back (LAIDBack) Study: baseline data. Spine 2001;26(10):1158-66.
  76. Jensen MC, Brant-Zawadzki MN, Obuchowski N, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain. N Engl J Med 1994;331(2):69-73.
  77. Takeyachi Y, Yabuki S, Arai I, et al. Changes of low back pain after vascular reconstruction for abdominal aortic aneurysm and high aortic occlusion: a retrospective study. Surg Neurol 2006;66(2):172-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16876618.
  78. Deyo RA, Weinstein JN. Low back pain. N Engl J Med 2001;344(5):363-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11172169.
  79. Williams CM, Henschke N, Maher CG, et al. Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting with low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;1:CD008643. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008643.pub2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440831.
  80. Henschke N, Maher CG, Ostelo RW, et al. Red flags to screen for malignancy in patients with low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;2:CD008686. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008686.pub2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23450586.
  81. Downie A, Williams CM, Henschke N, et al. Red flags to screen for malignancy and fracture in patients with low back pain: systematic review. BMJ 2013;347:f7095. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24335669.
  82. Chenot JF, Scherer M, Becker A. Die körperliche Untersuchung bei Schmerzen im Lendenwirbelsäulenbereich. ZFA 2006;82:132-40.
  83. Müller G, Strube J. Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung. In: Hildebrandt J, Müller G, Pfingsten M, editors. Lendenwirbelsäule. München: Urban und Fischer; 2005. p. 188-209.
  84. van der Windt DA, Simons E, Riphagen II, et al. Physical examination for lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation in patients with low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(2):CD007431. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007431.pub2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20166095.
  85. Najm WI, Seffinger MA, Mishra SI, et al. Content validity of manual spinal palpatory exams - A systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med 2003;3:1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12734016.
  86. Panzer DM. The reliability of lumbar motion palpation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1992;15(8):518-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1402412.
  87. Billis EV, Foster NE, Wright CC. Reproducibility and repeatability: errors of three groups of physiotherapists in locating spinal levels by palpation. Man Ther 2003;8(4):223-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14559045.
  88. Uhlemann C, Schreiber TU, Sarafowa A. Reliabilität klinischer Wirbelsäulenbewegungsmaße bei Probanden. Phys Rehab Kur Med 2001;11:165-70.
  89. Deville WL, van der Windt DA, Dzaferagic A, et al. The test of Lasegue: systematic review of the accuracy in diagnosing herniated discs. Spine 2000;25(9):1140-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10788860.
  90. Cattley P, Winyard J, Trevaskis J, et al. Validity and reliability of clinical tests for the sacroiliac joint: A review of literature. Australas Chiropr Osteopathy 2002;10(2):73-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17987177.
  91. Hancock MJ, Maher CG, Latimer J, et al. Systematic review of tests to identify the disc, SIJ or facet joint as the source of low back pain. Eur Spine J 2007;16(10):1539-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17566796.
  92. Robinson HS, Brox JI, Robinson R, et al. The reliability of selected motion- and pain provocation tests for the sacroiliac joint. Man Ther 2007;12(1):72-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16843031.
  93. Laslett M, Aprill CN, McDonald B, et al. Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain: validity of individual provocation tests and composites of tests. Man Ther 2005;10(3):207-18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16038856.
  94. Kokmeyer DJ, van der Wurff P, Aufdemkampe G, et al. The reliability of multitest regimens with sacroiliac pain provocation tests. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2002;25(1):42-8.
  95. van der Ploeg RJ, Oosterhuis HJ, Reuvekamp J. Measuring muscle strength. J Neurol 1984;231(4):200-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6512574.
  96. Kendall FP, McCreary-Kendall E, Provance PG. Muscles testing and function: with posture and pain. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1993.
  97. Kortelainen P, Puranen J, Koivisto E, et al. Symptoms and signs of sciatica and their relation to the localization of the lumbar disc herniation. Spine 1985;10(1):88-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3983706.
  98. Nitta H, Tajima T, Sugiyama H, et al. Study on dermatomes by means of selective lumbar spinal nerve block. Spine 1993;18(13):1782-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8235861.
  99. Nicholas MK, George SZ. Psychologically informed interventions for low back pain: an update for physical therapists. Physical Therapy 2011;91(5):765-76. DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20100278. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21451090.
  100. Schmidt CO, Kohlmann T, Pfingsten M, et al. Construct and predictive validity of the German Orebro questionnaire short form for psychosocial risk factor screening of patients with low back pain. Eur Spine J 2015. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-4196-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26310842.
  101. Karstens S, Krug K, Hill JC, et al. Validation of the German version of the STarT-Back Tool (STarT-G): a cohort study with patients from primary care practices. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015;16:346. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0806-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26559635.
  102. Schmidt CO, Lindena G, Pfingsten M, et al. Vergleich zweier Screening-Fragebögen bei Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen zum Erfassen von Risikofaktoren für eine Chronifizierung. Schmerz 2014;28(4):365-73. DOI: 10.1007/s00482-014-1431-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25070723.
  103. Schaarschmidt U, Fischer AW. AVEM-ein diagnostisches Instrument zur Differenzierung von Typen gesundheitsrelevanten Verhaltens und Erlebens gegenüber der Arbeit. Z Differ Diagn Psychol 1997;18(3):151-63.
  104. Chou R, Fu R, Carrino JA, et al. Imaging strategies for low-back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2009;373(9662):463-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19200918.
  105. Jarvik JG, Gold LS, Comstock BA, et al. Association of early imaging for back pain with clinical outcomes in older adults. JAMA 2015;313(11):1143-53. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.1871. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25781443.
  106. Chou D, Samartzis D, Bellabarba C, et al. Degenerative magnetic resonance imaging changes in patients with chronic low back pain: a systematic review. Spine (Phila Pa 1976 ) 2011;36(21 Suppl):S43-S53. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31822ef700. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21952189.
  107. Chou R, Qaseem A, Owens DK, et al. Diagnostic imaging for low back pain: advice for high-value health care from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2011;154(3):181-9. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-3-201102010-00008. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21282698.
  108. Steffens D, Hancock MJ, Maher CG, et al. Does magnetic resonance imaging predict future low back pain? A systematic review. Eur J Pain 2014;18(6):755-65. DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00427.x. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24276945.
  109. Klauber J, Günster C, Gerste B, et al. Versorgungs-Report 2013/2014. Schwerpunkt: Depression. Stuttgart: Schattauer; 2014. http://www.wido.de/vsr_2013_2014.html.
  110. Jenkins HJ, Hancock MJ, French SD, et al. Effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce the use of imaging for low-back pain: a systematic review. CMAJ 2015;187(6):401-8. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.141183. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25733741.
  111. Deyo RA, Diehl AK. Cancer as a cause of back pain: frequency, clinical presentation, and diagnostic strategies. J Gen Intern Med 1988;3(3):230-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2967893.
  112. Casser HR, Arnold B, Brinkschmidt T, et al. Interdisziplinäres Assessment zur multimodalen Schmerztherapie. Schmerz 2013;27(4):363-70. DOI: 10.1007/s00482-013-1337-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23903762.
  113. Rothman MG, Ortendahl M, Rosenblad A, et al. Improved quality of life, working ability, and patient satisfaction after a pretreatment multimodal assessment method in patients with mixed chronic muscular pain: a randomized-controlled study. Clin J Pain 2013;29(3):195-204. DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318250e544. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22469637.
  114. Engers A, Jellema P, Wensing M, et al. Individual patient education for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(1):CD004057. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004057.pub3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18254037.
  115. Traeger AC, Hubscher M, Henschke N, et al. Effect of Primary Care-Based Education on Reassurance in Patients With Acute Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2015;175(5):733-43. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0217. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25799308.
  116. Clarke CL, Ryan CG, Martin DJ. Pain neurophysiology education for the management of individuals with chronic low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. Man Ther 2011;16(6):544-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2011.05.003. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21705261.
  117. Liddle SD, Gracey JH, Baxter GD. Advice for the management of low back pain: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Man Ther 2007;12(4):310-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395522.
  118. Holden J, Davidson M, O'Halloran PD. Health coaching for low back pain: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Clin Pract 2014;68(8):950-62. DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12444. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24754872.
  119. Dahm KT, Brurberg KG, Jamtvedt G, et al. Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(6):CD007612. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007612.pub2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20556780.
  120. Oliveira VC, Ferreira PH, Maher CG, et al. Effectiveness of self-management of low back pain: systematic review with meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken ) 2012;64(11):1739-48. DOI: 10.1002/acr.21737. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22623349.
  121. Abdel SC, Maher CG, Williams KA, et al. Interventions available over the counter and advice for acute low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain 2014;15(1):2-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.09.016. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24373568.
  122. Ramond-Roquin A, Bouton C, Gobin-Tempereau AS, et al. Interventions focusing on psychosocial risk factors for patients with non-chronic low back pain in primary care--a systematic review. Fam Pract 2014;31(4):379-88. DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmu008. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24632524.
  123. van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Kuijpers T, et al. A systematic review on the effectiveness of physical and rehabilitation interventions for chronic non-specific low back pain. Eur Spine J 2011;20(1):19-39. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1518-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20640863.
  124. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), et al. S3-Leitlinie/Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Unipolare Depression - Langfassung, 2. Auflage. Version 3. 2015 [cited: 2016 Mar 31. DOI: 10.6101/AZQ/000277. http://doi.org/10.6101/AZQ/000277.
  125. Deutschsprachige Gesellschaft für Psychotraumatologie (DeGPT), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychotherapeutische Medizin und ärztliche Psychotherapie (DGPM), Deutsches Kollegium für Psychosomatische Medizin (DKPM), et al. S3-Leitlinie. Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung. ICD 10: F 43.1. 2011 [cited: 2015 Mar 02]. http://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/051-010l_S3_Posttraumatische_Belastungsstoerung_2012-03.pdf.
  126. Bandelow B, Wiltink J, Alpers GW, et al. S3-Leitlinie Behandlung von Angststörungen. Kurzversion. 2014 [cited: 2015 Feb 26]. http://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/051-028k_S3_Angstst%C3%B6rungen_2014-05_1.pdf.
  127. Linton SJ, Andersson T. Can chronic disability be prevented? A randomized trial of a cognitive-behavior intervention and two forms of information for patients with spinal pain. Spine 2000;25(21):2825-31.
  128. Linton SJ, Nordin E. A 5-year follow-up evaluation of the health and economic consequences of an early cognitive behavioral intervention for back pain: a randomized, controlled trial. Spine 2006;31(8):853-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16622371.
  129. Hasenbring M, Ulrich HW, Hartmann M, et al. The efficacy of a risk factor-based cognitive behavioral intervention and electromyographic biofeedback in patients with acute sciatic pain. An attempt to prevent chronicity. Spine 1999;24(23):2525-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10626316.
  130. Jellema P, van der Windt DA, van der Horst HE, et al. Why is a treatment aimed at psychosocial factors not effective in patients with (sub)acute low back pain? Pain 2005;118(3):350-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16289797.
  131. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), et al. S3-Leitlinie/Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Unipolare Depression - Leitlinienreport, 2. Auflage. Version 4. 2015 [cited: 2016 Oct 19. DOI: 10.6101/AZQ/000333. http://doi.org/10.6101/AZQ/000333.
  132. Kohlmann T, Raspe H. Der Funktionsfragebogen Hannover zur alltagsnahen Diagnostik der Funktionsbeeinträchtigung durch Rückenschmerzen (FFbH-R). Rehabilitation (Stuttg) 1996;35(1):I-VIII. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8693180.
  133. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schmerztherapie (DGS), Deutsche Gesellschaft zum Studium des Schmerzes (DGSS). Deutscher Schmerz-Fragebogen. 2012 [cited: 2013 Apr 11]. http://www.dgss.org/fileadmin/pdf/12_DSF_Anamnese_Muster_2012.2.pdf.
  134. Holmberg S, Thelin A, Stiernstrom EL, et al. Low back pain comorbidity among male farmers and rural referents: a population-based study. Ann Agric Environ Med 2005;12(2):261-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16457483.
  135. Yuan QL, Guo TM, Liu L, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine for neck pain and low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015;10(2):e0117146. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117146. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25710765.
  136. Lee JH, Choi TY, Lee MS, et al. Acupuncture for acute low back pain: a systematic review. Clin J Pain 2013;29(2):172-85. DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31824909f9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23269281.
  137. Furlan AD, Yazdi F, Tsertsvadze A, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and safety of selected complementary and alternative medicine for neck and low-back pain. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:953139. DOI: 10.1155/2012/953139. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22203884.
  138. Lam M, Galvin R, Curry P. Effectiveness of acupuncture for nonspecific chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976 ) 2013;38(24):2124-38. DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000435025.65564.b7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24026151.
  139. Xu M, Yan S, Yin X, et al. Acupuncture for chronic low back pain in long-term follow-up: a meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials. Am J Chin Med 2013;41(1):1-19. DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X13500018. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23336503.
  140. Vickers AJ, Cronin AM, Maschino AC, et al. Acupuncture for chronic pain: individual patient data meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2012;172(19):1444-53. DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3654. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22965186.
  141. Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, et al. Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(3):CD000335. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034851.
  142. Hendrick P, Te Wake AM, Tikkisetty AS, et al. The effectiveness of walking as an intervention for low back pain: a systematic review. Eur Spine J 2010;19(10):1613-20. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1412-z. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20414688.
  143. Schaafsma FG, Whelan K, van der Beek AJ, et al. Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy to reduce sickness absence for workers with back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;8:CD001822. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001822.pub3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990391.
  144. Kriese M, Clijsen R, Taeymans J, et al. Segmentale Stabilisation zur Behandlung von lumbalen Rückenschmerzen: Ein systematisches Review. Sportverletz Sportschaden 2010;24(1):17-25. DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251512. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20235009.
  145. Bunzli S, Gillham D, Esterman A. Physiotherapy-provided operant conditioning in the management of low back pain disability: A systematic review. Physiother Res Int 2011;16(1):4-19. DOI: 10.1002/pri.465. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20310071.
  146. Ferreira ML, Smeets RJ, Kamper SJ, et al. Can we explain heterogeneity among randomized clinical trials of exercise for chronic back pain? A meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials. Physical Therapy 2010;90(10):1383-403. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671101.
  147. Buechter RB, Fechtelpeter D. Climbing for preventing and treating health problems: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Ger Med Sci 2011;9:Doc19. DOI: 10.3205/000142;000142. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21863133.
  148. Smith BE, Littlewood C, May S. An update of stabilisation exercises for low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014;15(1):416. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-416. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25488399.
  149. McCaskey MA, Schuster-Amft C, Wirth B, et al. Effects of proprioceptive exercises on pain and function in chronic neck- and low back pain rehabilitation: a systematic literature review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014;15:382. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-382. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409985.
  150. Yue YS, Wang XD, Xie B, et al. Sling exercise for chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014;9(6):e99307. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099307. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24919119.
  151. Wang XQ, Zheng JJ, Yu ZW, et al. A meta-analysis of core stability exercise versus general exercise for chronic low back pain. PLoS One 2012;7(12):e52082. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052082. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23284879.
  152. Scharrer M, Ebenbichler G, Pieber K, et al. A systematic review on the effectiveness of medical training therapy for subacute and chronic low back pain. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2012;48(3):361-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22820818.
  153. Surkitt LD, Ford JJ, Hahne AJ, et al. Efficacy of directional preference management for low back pain: a systematic review. Physical Therapy 2012;92(5):652-65. DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20100251. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22247407.
  154. Dunsford A, Kumar S, Clarke S. Integrating evidence into practice: use of McKenzie-based treatment for mechanical low back pain. J Multidiscip Healthc 2011;4:393-402. DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S24733;jmdh-4-393. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22135496.
  155. Patti A, Bianco A, Paoli A, et al. Effects of Pilates exercise programs in people with chronic low back pain: a systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015;94(4):e383. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000383. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25634166.
  156. Wells C, Kolt GS, Marshall P, et al. The effectiveness of Pilates exercise in people with chronic low back pain: a systematic review. PLoS One 2014;9(7):e100402. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100402. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24984069.
  157. Miyamoto GC, Costa LO, Cabral CM. Efficacy of the Pilates method for pain and disability in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Braz J Phys Ther 2013;17(6):517-32. DOI: 10.1590/S1413-35552012005000127. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24346291.
  158. O'Connor SR, Tully MA, Ryan B, et al. Walking Exercise for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015;96(4):724-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.12.003. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25529265.
  159. Holtzman S, Beggs RT. Yoga for chronic low back pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain Res Manag 2013;18(5):267-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894731.
  160. Hill C. Is yoga an effective treatment in the management of patients with chronic low back pain compared with other care modalities - a systematic review. J Complement Integr Med 2013;10(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2012-0007. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23652636.
  161. Ward L, Stebbings S, Cherkin D, et al. Yoga for functional ability, pain and psychosocial outcomes in musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Musculoskeletal Care 2013;11(4):203-17. DOI: 10.1002/msc.1042. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300142.
  162. Cramer H, Lauche R, Haller H, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of yoga for low back pain. Clin J Pain 2013;29(5):450-60. DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31825e1492. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23246998.
  163. Chambers H. Physiotherapy and lumbar facet joint injections as a combination treatment for chronic low back pain. A narrative review of lumbar facet joint injections, lumbar spinal mobilizations, soft tissue massage and lower back mobility exercises. Musculoskeletal Care 2013;11(2):106-20. DOI: 10.1002/msc.1045. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23468052.
  164. Searle A, Spink M, Ho A, et al. Exercise interventions for the treatment of chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clin Rehabil 2015;29(12):1155-67. DOI: 10.1177/0269215515570379. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25681408.
  165. Oesch P, Kool J, Hagen KB, et al. Effectiveness of exercise on work disability in patients with non-acute non-specific low back pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Rehabil Med 2010;42(3):193-205. DOI: 10.2340/16501977-0524. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20411212.
  166. Richards MC, Ford JJ, Slater SL, et al. The effectiveness of physiotherapy functional restoration for post-acute low back pain: a systematic review. Man Ther 2013;18(1):4-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2012.06.005. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22796390.
  167. George SZ, Fritz JM, McNeil DW. Fear-avoidance beliefs as measured by the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire: change in fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire is predictive of change in self-report of disability and pain intensity for patients with acute low back pain. Clin J Pain 2006;22(2):197-203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16428956.
  168. Slade SC, Patel S, Underwood M, et al. What are patient beliefs and perceptions about exercise for non-specific chronic low back pain? A systematic review of qualitative studies. Clin J Pain 2014;30(11):995-1005. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24300225.
  169. Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Rehabilitation (BAR). Rahmenvereinbarung über den Rehabilitationssport und das Funktionstraining vom 1. Januar 2011. Frankfurt/Main: Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Rehabilitation (BAR); 2011. http://www.vdek.com/vertragspartner/vorsorge-rehabilitation/Reha-Sport/_jcr_content/par/download/file.res/bar_rvrehasport_ft_2011.pdf.
  170. Henschke N, Ostelo RW, van Tulder MW, et al. Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(7):CD002014. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002014.pub3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20614428.
  171. Hurley DA, McDonough SM, Dempster M, et al. A randomized clinical trial of manipulative therapy and interferential therapy for acute low back pain. Spine 2004;29(20):2207-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15480130.
  172. Hurley DA, Minder PM, McDonough SM, et al. Interferential therapy electrode placement technique in acute low back pain: a preliminary investigation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82(4):485-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11295009.
  173. Werners R, Pynsent PB, Bulstrode CJ. Randomized trial comparing interferential therapy with motorized lumbar traction and massage in the management of low back pain in a primary care setting. Spine 1999;24(15):1579-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10457578.
  174. Lara-Palomo IC, Aguilar-Ferrandiz ME, Mataran-Penarrocha GA, et al. Short-term effects of interferential current electro-massage in adults with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2013;27(5):439-49. DOI: 10.1177/0269215512460780. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23035006.
  175. Facci LM, Nowotny JP, Tormem F, et al. Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and interferential currents (IFC) in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain: randomized clinical trial. Sao Paulo Med J 2011;129(4):206-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21971895.
  176. Vanti C, Bertozzi L, Gardenghi I, et al. Effect of taping on spinal pain and disability: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Physical Therapy 2015;95(4):493-506. DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20130619. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25413622.
  177. Parreira PC, Costa LC, Hespanhol Junior LC, et al. Current evidence does not support the use of Kinesio Taping in clinical practice: a systematic review. J Physiother 2014;60(1):31-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2013.12.008. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856938.
  178. Rasmussen GG. Manipulation in treatment of low back pain: a randomized clinical trial. Man Med 1979;1:8-10.
  179. Gibson T, Grahame R, Harkness J, et al. Controlled comparison of short-wave diathermy treatment with osteopathic treatment in non-specific low back pain. Lancet 1985;1(8440):1258-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2860453.
  180. Sweetman BJ, Heinrich I, Anderson JAD. A randomized controlled trial of exercises, short wave diathermy, and traction for low back pain, with evidence of diagnosis-related response to treatment. J Orthop Rheumatol 1993;6:159-66.
  181. Durmus D, Ulus Y, Alayli G, et al. Does microwave diathermy have an effect on clinical parameters in chronic low back pain? A randomized-controlled trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2014;27(4):435-43. DOI: 10.3233/BMR-140464. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24614832.
  182. Yousefi-Nooraie R, Schonstein E, Heidari K, et al. Low level laser therapy for nonspecific low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(2):CD005107. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005107.pub4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18425909.
  183. Pittler MH, Brown EM, Ernst E. Static magnets for reducing pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. CMAJ 2007;177(7):736-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17893349.
  184. Franke H, Fryer G, Ostelo RW, et al. Muscle energy technique for non-specific low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;2:CD009852. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009852.pub2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25723574.
  185. Rubinstein SM, Terwee CB, Assendelft WJ, et al. Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;9:CD008880. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008880.pub2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22972127.
  186. Franke H, Franke JD, Fryer G. Osteopathic manipulative treatment for nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014;15:286. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-286. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25175885.
  187. Orrock PJ, Myers SP. Osteopathic intervention in chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013;14:129. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-129. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23570655.
  188. Kochen MM, Blozik E, Scherer M, et al. Imaging for low-back pain. Lancet 2009;373(9662):436-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19200903.
  189. Furlan AD, Giraldo M, Baskwill A, et al. Massage for low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;9:CD001929. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001929.pub3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26329399.
  190. van Duijvenbode I, Jellema P, van Poppel MN, et al. Lumbar supports for prevention and treatment of low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(2):CD001823. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001823.pub3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18425875.
  191. Oleske DM, Lavender SA, Andersson GB, et al. Are back supports plus education more effective than education alone in promoting recovery from low back pain?: Results from a randomized clinical trial. Spine 2007;32(19):2050-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17762804.
  192. Calmels P, Queneau P, Hamonet C, et al. Effectiveness of a lumbar belt in subacute low back pain: an open, multicentric, and randomized clinical study. Spine 2009;34(3):215-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19179915.
  193. Chuter V, Spink M, Searle A, et al. The effectiveness of shoe insoles for the prevention and treatment of low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014;15:140. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-140. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24775807.
  194. Ehrenbrusthoff K, Ryan CG, Schofield PA, et al. Physical therapy management of older adults with chronic low back pain: a systematic review. J Pain Manag 2012;5(4):317-29.
  195. Heymans MW, van Tulder MW, Esmail R, et al. Back schools for non-specific low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(4):CD000261. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15494995.
  196. Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ). Empfehlungen zur Therapie von Kreuzschmerzen. 3. Auflage. 2007 [cited: 2013 Aug 07]. http://www.akdae.de/Arzneimitteltherapie/TE/A-Z/PDF/Kreuzschmerz.pdf#page=1&view=fitB.
  197. Kuhnt U, Fleichaus J. Dortmunder Deklaration zur Förderung der nationalen Rückengesundheit durch die Neue Rückenschule. 2008 [cited: 2009 Sep 17]. http://www.bdr-ev.de/pdf/dd.pdf.
  198. Kempf HD, (ed.). Die neue Rückenschule. Das Praxisbuch. Heidelberg: Springer Med. Verl.; 2010.
  199. French SD, Cameron M, Walker BF, et al. A Cochrane review of superficial heat or cold for low back pain. Spine 2006;31(9):998-1006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16641776.
  200. Oltean H, Robbins C, van Tulder MW, et al. Herbal medicine for low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;12:CD004504. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004504.pub4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25536022.
  201. Rubinstein SM, van MM, Kuijpers T, et al. A systematic review on the effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine for chronic non-specific low-back pain. Eur Spine J 2010;19(8):1213-28. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1356-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20229280.
  202. Wegner I, Widyahening IS, van Tulder MW, et al. Traction for low-back pain with or without sciatica. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;8:CD003010. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003010.pub5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23959683.
  203. Seco J, Kovacs FM, Urrutia G. The efficacy, safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of ultrasound and shock wave therapies for low back pain: a systematic review. Spine J 2011;11(10):966-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2011.02.002. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21482199.
  204. Ebadi S, Henschke N, Nakhostin AN, et al. Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;3:CD009169. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009169.pub2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24627326.
  205. Kent P, Kjaer P. The efficacy of targeted interventions for modifiable psychosocial risk factors of persistent nonspecific low back pain - a systematic review. Man Ther 2012;17(5):385-401. DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2012.02.008. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22421188.
  206. Lamb SE, Hansen Z, Lall R, et al. Group cognitive behavioural treatment for low-back pain in primary care: a randomised controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis. Lancet 2010;375(9718):916-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20189241.
  207. Hill JC, Whitehurst DG, Lewis M, et al. Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2011;378(9802):1560-71. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60937-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21963002.
  208. Macedo LG, Smeets RJ, Maher CG, et al. Graded activity and graded exposure for persistent nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review. Physical Therapy 2010;90(6):860-79. DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20090303. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20395306.
  209. Kamper SJ, Apeldoorn AT, Chiarotto A, et al. Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;9:CD000963. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000963.pub3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25180773.
  210. Schmidt CO, Chenot JF, Pfingsten M, et al. Assessing a risk tailored intervention to prevent disabling low back pain--protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010;11:5. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20051119.
  211. Leitliniengruppe Hessen, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin (DEGAM), PMV forschungsgruppe, et al. Hausärztliche Leitlinie Multimedikation. Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Multimedikation bei Erwachsenen und geriatrischen Patienten, 1. Auflage. Version 1.05. 2013 [cited: 2013 Oct 07. DOI: 10.6101/AZQ/000148. http://www.aezq.de/mdb/edocs/pdf/schriftenreihe/schriftenreihe41.pdf.
  212. Holt A, Schmiedl S, Thürmann PA. Priscus-Liste potenziell inadäquater Medikation für ältere Menschens. 2011 [cited: 2016 Jun 7]. http://priscus.net/download/PRISCUS-Liste_PRISCUS-TP3_2011.pdf.
  213. Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie, Zentrum für Gerontopharmakologie, Abteilung für Medizinische Statistik BuI, et al. Die Forta-Liste."Fit for the Aged". Expert Consensus Validation 2015. 2015 [cited: 2016 Jun 6]. http://www.umm.uni-heidelberg.de/ag/forta/FORTA_Liste_2015_deutsche_Version.pdf.
  214. Roelofs PD, Deyo RA, Koes BW, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(1):CD000396. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000396.pub3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18253976.
  215. Chung JW, Zeng Y, Wong TK. Drug therapy for the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Physician 2013;16(6):E685-E704. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24284847.
  216. Kuijpers T, van MM, Rubinstein SM, et al. A systematic review on the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for chronic non-specific low-back pain. Eur Spine J 2011;20(1):40-50. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1541-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20680369.
  217. Heumann, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Ibuprofen Heumann Schmerztabletten 400 mg. Fachinformation. 2015 Nov [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  218. Ratiopharm, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Naproxen-ratiopharm® Schmerztabletten. Fachinformation. 2014 May [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  219. Hexal, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Diclac® Dolo 12,5 mg, Filmtabletten. Fachinformation (Zusammenfassung der Merkmale des Arzneimittels/SPC). 2013 Apr [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  220. European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA). Public assesment report for medicinal products containing non-selective non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Procedure No. EMEA/H/A-5.3/800 under Article 5(3) of Regulation (EC) No 726/2004. EMEA/CHMP/442130/2006. London: EMEA; 2006. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Report/2010/01/WC500054344.pdf.
  221. Roberts E, Delgado Nunes V, Buckner S, et al. Paracetamol: not as safe as we thought? A systematic literature review of observational studies. Ann Rheum Dis 2016;75(3):552-9. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206914. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25732175.
  222. Lanas A, Garcia-Rodriguez LA, Arroyo MT, et al. Risk of upper gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding associated with selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, traditional non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin and combinations. Gut 2006;55(12):1731-8. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2005.080754. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16687434.
  223. Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ). Neue Anwendungsbeschränkungen für die systemische Anwendung von Piroxicam aufgrund gastrointestinaler Nebenwirkungen und Hautreaktionene. Rote-Hand-Brief vom 11.Oktober 2007. 2007 [cited: 2016 Mar 16]. http://www.akdae.de/Arzneimittelsicherheit/RHB/Archiv/2007/40-20071011.pdf.
  224. Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ). Diclofenac - Neue Kontraindikationen und Warnhinweise nach europaweiter Überprüfung der kardiovaskulären Sicherheit. Rote-Hand-Brief vom 15. Juli 2013. 2013 [cited: 2016 Mar 16]. http://www.akdae.de/Arzneimittelsicherheit/RHB/Archiv/2013/20130715.pdf.
  225. Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ). Beofenac (Aceclofenac): Neue Gegenanzeigen und Warnhinweise. Rote-Hand-Brief vom 08. Oktober 2014. 2014 [cited: 2016 Mar 16]. http://www.akdae.de/Arzneimittelsicherheit/RHB/Archiv/2014/20141008.pdf.
  226. European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA). Press release: European medicines agency concludes action on COX-2-inhibitors. Doc. Ref. EMEA/207766/2005. London: 2005.
  227. Grünenthal, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Arcoxia®. Fachinformation (Zusammenfassung der Merkmale des Arzneimittels). 2014 Jun [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  228. AbZ Pharma, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Celecoxib AbZ 100 mg, 200 mg Hartkapseln. Fachinformation. 2016 Feb [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  229. AbZ Pharma, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Metamizol-CT 500 mg Tabletten. Fachinformation. 2014 Mar [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  230. Hohlfeld T, Zimmermann N, Weber AA, et al. Pyrazolinone analgesics prevent the antiplatelet effect of aspirin and preserve human platelet thromboxane synthesis. J Thromb Haemost 2008;6(1):166-73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02800.x. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17944992.
  231. Polzin A, Hohlfeld T, Kelm M, et al. Impairment of aspirin antiplatelet effects by non-opioid analgesic medication. World J Cardiol 2015;7(7):383-91. DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i7.383. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26225198.
  232. Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ). Agranulozytose nach Metamizol – sehr selten, aber häufiger als gedacht. Dtsch Arztebl 2011;108(33):A-1758.
  233. Machado GC, Maher CG, Ferreira PH, et al. Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials. BMJ 2015;350:h1225. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h1225. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25828856.
  234. Ratiopharm, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Paracetamol-ratiopharm® 500 mg Tabletten. Fachinformation. 2015 Jul [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  235. Wörz R, Bolten W, Heller B, et al. Flupirtin im Vergleich zu Chlormezanon und Plazebo bei chronischen muskulöskelettalen Rückenschmerzen. Ergebnisse einer multizentrischen randomisierten Doppelblindstudie. Fortschr Med 1996;114(35-36):500-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9119352.
  236. Li C, Ni J, Wang Z, et al. Analgesic efficacy and tolerability of flupirtine vs. tramadol in patients with subacute low back pain: a double-blind multicentre trial*. Curr Med Res Opin 2008;24(12):3523-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19032134.
  237. Überall MA, Mueller-Schwefe GH, Terhaag B. Efficacy and safety of flupirtine modified release for the management of moderate to severe chronic low back pain: results of SUPREME, a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled parallel-group phase IV study. Curr Med Res Opin 2012;28(10):1617-34. DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2012.726216. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22970658.
  238. Michel MC, Radziszewski P, Falconer C, et al. Unexpected frequent hepatotoxicity of a prescription drug, flupirtine, marketed for about 30 years. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012;73(5):821-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04138.x. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22044433.
  239. Klein F, Glanemann M, Rudolph B, et al. Flupirtine-induced hepatic failure requiring orthotopic liver transplant. Exp Clin Transplant 2011;9(4):270-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21819373.
  240. Puls F, Agne C, Klein F, et al. Pathology of flupirtine-induced liver injury: a histological and clinical study of six cases. Virchows Arch 2011;458(6):709-16. DOI: 10.1007/s00428-011-1087-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21590308.
  241. Wörz R. Zur Langzeitbehandlung chronischer Schmerzpatienten mit Flupirtin -. MMW Fortschr Med 2014;156(4 Suppl):127-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26153592.
  242. Douros A, Bronder E, Andersohn F, et al. Flupirtine-induced liver injury--seven cases from the Berlin Case-control Surveillance Study and review of the German spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting database. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2014;70(4):453-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00228-013-1631-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24366502.
  243. Uberall MA, Essner U, Muller-Schwefe GH. 2-Wochen-Wirksamkeit und -Verträglichkeit von Flupirtin MR und Diclofenac bei akuten - Ergebnisse einer Post-hoc-Subgruppenanalyse individueller Patientendaten von vier nichtinterventionellen Studien. MMW Fortschr Med 2013;155(4 Suppl):115-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24934065.
  244. European Medicines Agency (EMA). PRAC recommends restricting the use of flupirtine-containing medicines. Committee also recommends weekly monitoring of patients' liver function. EMA/362055/2013 . 2013 [cited: 2016 Mar 17]. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Referrals_document/Flupirtine-containing_medicines/Recommendation_provided_by_Pharmacovigilance_Risk_Assessment_Committee/WC500144453.pdf.
  245. Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ). Einschätzungen der therapeutischen Zielgruppe und Begrenzung der Behandlungsdauer für Flupuirtin-haltige Arzneimittel nach Bewertung der Lebertoxizitätsrisikos. Rote-Hand-Brief vom 15. Juli 2013. 2013 [cited: 2016 Mar 16]. http://www.akdae.de/Arzneimittelsicherheit/RHB/Archiv/2013/20130716.pdf.
  246. Brown FL, Jr., Bodison S, Dixon J, et al. Comparison of diflunisal and acetaminophen with codeine in the treatment of initial or recurrent acute low back strain. Clin Ther 1986;9 Suppl C:52-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2951012.
  247. Innes GD, Croskerry P, Worthington J, et al. Ketorolac versus acetaminophen-codeine in the emergency department treatment of acute low back pain. J Emerg Med 1998;16(4):549-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9696169.
  248. Eken C, Serinken M, Elicabuk H, et al. Intravenous paracetamol versus dexketoprofen versus morphine in acute mechanical low back pain in the emergency department: a randomised double-blind controlled trial. Emerg Med J 2014;31(3):177-81. DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2012-201670. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23407378.
  249. Friedman BW, Dym AA, Davitt M, et al. Naproxen With Cyclobenzaprine, Oxycodone/Acetaminophen, or Placebo for Treating Acute Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2015;314(15):1572-80. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.13043. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26501533.
  250. Biondi D, Xiang J, Benson C, et al. Tapentadol immediate release versus oxycodone immediate release for treatment of acute low back pain. Pain Physician 2013;16(3):E237-E246. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23703422.
  251. Lasko B, Levitt RJ, Rainsford KD, et al. Extended-release tramadol/paracetamol in moderate-to-severe pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with acute low back pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2012;28(5):847-57. DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2012.681035. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22458917.
  252. Behrbalk E, Halpern P, Boszczyk BM, et al. Anxiolytic medication as an adjunct to morphine analgesia for acute low back pain management in the emergency department: a prospective randomized trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014;39(1):17-22. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000038. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24270933.
  253. Chaparro LE, Furlan AD, Deshpande A, et al. Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;8:CD004959. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004959.pub4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23983011.
  254. Petzke F, Welsch P, Klose P, et al. Opioide bei chronischem Kreuzschmerz. Systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse der Wirksamkeit, Verträglichkeit und Sicherheit in randomisierten, placebokontrollierten Studien über mindestens 4 Wochen. Schmerz 2015;29(1):60-72. DOI: 10.1007/s00482-014-1449-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503883.
  255. Abdel SC, Maher CG, Williams KA, et al. Efficacy, Tolerability, and Dose-Dependent Effects of Opioid Analgesics for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2016. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1251. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27213267.
  256. Deutsche Schmerzgesellschaft. Langzeitanwendung von Opioiden bei nicht tumorbedingten Schmerzen - "LONTS". 2014 [cited: 2016 Mar 17]. http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/145-003.html.
  257. Hauser W, Bernardy K, Maier C. Langzeittherapie mit Opioiden bei chronischem nicht-tumorbedingtem Schmerz - Systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse der Wirksamkeit, Verträglichkeit und Sicherheit in offenen Anschlussstudien über mindestens 26 Wochen. Schmerz 2015;29(1):96-108. DOI: 10.1007/s00482-014-1452-0. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25503691.
  258. Noble M, Treadwell JR, Tregear SJ, et al. Long-term opioid management for chronic noncancer pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(1):CD006605. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20091598.
  259. Prodduturi S, Sadrieh N, Wokovich AM, et al. Transdermal delivery of fentanyl from matrix and reservoir systems: effect of heat and compromised skin. J Pharm Sci 2010;99(5):2357-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19967778.
  260. Heumann, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Morphin retard Heumann. Fachinformation. 2015 Mar [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  261. van Tulder MW, Touray T, Furlan AD, et al. Muscle relaxants for non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(2):CD004252. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12804507.
  262. Tan KR, Brown M, Labouebe G, et al. Neural bases for addictive properties of benzodiazepines. Nature 2010;463(7282):769-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20148031.
  263. Dr. Kade Pharma, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. DoloVisano® Methocarbamol 750 mg Tabletten. Fachinformation. 2014 Feb [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  264. MEDA Pharma, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Norflex® 100 mg Retardtabletten. Fachinformation. 2015 Jan [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  265. Ratiopharm, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Diazepam-ratiopharm® 2 mg Tabletten. Fachinformation. 2013 Oct [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  266. Novartis Pharma, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Sirdalud®. Fachinformation. 2016 Jan [cited: 2016 Jul 14]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  267. Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ). Ruhen der Zulassung aller Tetrazepam-haltiger Arzneimittel (z. B. Musaril® Filmtabletten) zum 01.08.2013. Rote-Hand-Brief vom 21. Juni 2013. 2013 [cited: 2016 Mar 16]. http://www.akdae.de/Arzneimittelsicherheit/RHB/Archiv/2013/20130624.pdf.
  268. Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ). Einschränkung der Indikation für Tolperison-haltige Produkte und das Risiko von Überempfindlichkeitsreaktionen. Rote-Hand-Brief vom 21. Februar 2013. 2013 [cited: 2016 Mar 16]. http://www.akdae.de/Arzneimittelsicherheit/RHB/Archiv/2013/20130221.pdf.
  269. Urquhart DM, Hoving JL, Assendelft WW, et al. Antidepressants for non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(1):CD001703. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001703.pub3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18253994.
  270. Cawston H, Davie A, Paget MA, et al. Efficacy of duloxetine versus alternative oral therapies: an indirect comparison of randomised clinical trials in chronic low back pain. Eur Spine J 2013;22(9):1996-2009. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-013-2804-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686477.
  271. Salerno SM, Browning R, Jackson JL. The effect of antidepressant treatment on chronic back pain: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2002;162(1):19-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11784215.
  272. Staiger TO, Gaster B, Sullivan MD, et al. Systematic review of antidepressants in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Spine 2003;28(22):2540-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14624092.
  273. Schnitzer TJ, Ferraro A, Hunsche E, et al. A comprehensive review of clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of drugs for the treatment of low back pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004;28(1):72-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15223086.
  274. Dolorgiet, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Anafranil®. Fachinformation. 2015 Feb [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  275. Dolorgiet, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Tofranil® 25. Fachinformation. 2010 Dec [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  276. AbZ Pharma, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Trimipramin-CT 25 mg Tabletten, Trimipramin-CT 100 mg Tabletten. Fachinformation. 2013 Aug [cited: 2016 Jul 14]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  277. Lilly, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Duloxetin Lilly 30 mg, 60 mg. Fachinformation. 2015 Jul [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  278. Chou R, Huffman LH. Medications for acute and chronic low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society/American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med 2007;147(7):505-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17909211.
  279. Fishbain DA, Cole B, Lewis JE, et al. What is the evidence that neuropathic pain is present in chronic low back pain and soft tissue syndromes? An evidence-based structured review. Pain Med 2014;15(1):4-15. DOI: 10.1111/pme.12229. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24118776.
  280. AbZ Pharma, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Gabapentin AbZ 100 mg Hartkapseln. Fachinformation. 2015 Oct [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  281. Ratiopharm, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Pregabalin-ratiopharm® 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 225 mg, 300 mg Hartkapseln. Fachinformation. 2015 Jun [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  282. Heumann, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Carbamazepin 200 retard Heumann. Fachinformation. 2015 May [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  283. AbZ Pharma, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Topiramat-CT 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg Filmtabletten. Fachinformation (Zusammenfassung der Merkmale des Arzneimittels). 2015 May [cited: 2016 Jul 14]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  284. European Medicines Agency (EMA). Assessment report on Salicis Cortex (Willow Bark) and Herbal Preparation(S) thereof with well-established use and traditional use. 2009 [cited: 2015 Dec 15]. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report/2009/12/WC500018258.pdf.
  285. European Medicines Agency (EMA). Assessment report on Harpagophytum Procumbens Dc. and/or Harpagophytum Zeyheri Decne, Radix. 2008 [cited: 2015 Dec 15]. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report/2010/01/WC500059019.pdf.
  286. European Medicines Agency (EMA). Community herbal monograph on Rosmarinus officinalis L., aetheroleum. EMA/HMPC/235453/2009. 2010 [cited: 2016 Mar 17]. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_Community_herbal_monograph/2011/01/WC500101493.pdf.
  287. European Medicines Agency (EMA). Community herbal monograph on Mentha x piperita L., aetheroleum. EMEA/HMPC/349466/2006. 2007 [cited: 2016 Mar 17]. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_Community_herbal_monograph/2010/01/WC500059313.pdf.
  288. European Medicines Agency (EMA). Community herbal monograph on Lavandula angustifolia Miller, aetheroleum. EMA/HMPC/143181/2010. 2012 [cited: 2016 Mar 17]. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_Community_herbal_monograph/2012/06/WC500128644.pdf.
  289. European Medicines Agency (EMA). European Union herbal monograph on Capsicum annuum L. var. minimum (Miller) Heiser and small fruited varieties of Capsicum frutescens L., fructus. EMA/HMPC/674139/2013. 2015 [cited: 2016 Mar 17]. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_Community_herbal_monograph/2015/06/WC500188825.pdf.
  290. Ratiopharm, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Diclofenac-ratiopharm® Gel. Fachinformation. 2015 Apr [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  291. Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ). Wichtige sicherheitsrelevante Informationen für Angehörige der Fachkreise im Zusammenhang mit Ketoprofen haltige, topischen Formulierungen. Rote-Hand-Brief vom 05. August 2010. 2010 [cited: 2016 Mar 16]. http://www.akdae.de/Arzneimittelsicherheit/RHB/Archiv/2010/20100805.pdf.
  292. European Medicines Agency (EMA). Assessment report on Symphytum officinale L., radix. 2015 [cited: 2015 Dec 15]. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report/2015/06/WC500187600.pdf.
  293. Abholz HH, Bewig A. Pille oder Spritze? Untersuchung zur Frage eines Unterschieds am Beispiel des akuten Rückenschmerzes. ZFA 2001;77:31-5.
  294. Brune K, Lanz B. Pharmakokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In: Bonta M, Bray MA, Parnham MJ, editors. Handbook of inflammation; 5. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 1985. p. 413-49.
  295. Schabitz WR, Berger C, Knauth M, et al. Hypoxic brain damage after intramuscular self-injection of diclofenac for acute back pain. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2001;18(11):763-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11580784.
  296. Ezzedine K, Vadoud-Seyedi J, Heenen M. Nicolau syndrome following diclofenac administration. Br J Dermatol 2004;150(2):385-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14996127.
  297. Weinschenk S. Neural therapy - A review of the therapeutic use of local anesthetics. Acupunct Relat Ther 2012;(1):5-9.
  298. Balague F, Piguet V, Dudler J. Steroids for LBP - from rationale to inconvenient truth. Swiss Med Wkly 2012;142:w13566. DOI: 10.4414/smw.2012.13566. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495738.
  299. Holland C, Jaeger L, Smentkowski U, et al. Septic and aseptic complications of corticosteroid injections: an assessment of 278 cases reviewed by expert commissions and mediation boards from 2005 to 2009. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2012;109(24):425-30. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2012.0425. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22787504.
  300. Garvey TA, Marks MR, Wiesel SW. A prospective, randomized, double-blind evaluation of trigger-point injection therapy for low-back pain. Spine 1989;14(9):962-4.
  301. Leite VF, Buehler AM, El AO, et al. Anti-nerve growth factor in the treatment of low back pain and radiculopathy: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Pain Physician 2014;17(1):E45-E60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24452657.
  302. Ratiopharm, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Diclofenac-ratiopharm® 75 mg/2 ml Injektionslösung. Fachinformation (Zusammenfassung der Merkmale des Arzneimittels). 2013 Nov [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  303. mibe Arzneimittel, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Procain 1 % JENAPHARM®, Procain 2 % JENAPHARM®. Fachinformation (Zusammenfassung der Merkmale des Arzneimittels). 2015 Feb [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  304. B.Braun, Rote Liste/Fachinfo-Service. Lidocain Braun 1 % Injektionslösung. Fachinformation (Zusammenfassung der Merkmale des Arzneimittels). 2014 Oct [cited: 2016 Jul 13]. http://www.fachinfo.de.
  305. Boden SD, Davis DO, Dina TS, et al. Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1990;72(3):403-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2312537.
  306. Waseem Z, Boulias C, Gordon A, et al. Botulinum toxin injections for low-back pain and sciatica. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(1):CD008257. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008257.pub2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21249702.
  307. Henschke N, Kuijpers T, Rubinstein SM, et al. Injection therapy and denervation procedures for chronic low-back pain: a systematic review. Eur Spine J 2010;19(9):1425-49. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1411-0. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20424870.
  308. Chou R, Hashimoto R, Friedly J, et al. Pain Management Injection Therapies for Low Back Pain. Technology Assessment Report. 2015 [cited: 2015 Jun 03. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0073206/pdf/PubMedHealth_PMH0073206.pdf.
  309. Bicket MC, Horowitz JM, Benzon HT, et al. Epidural injections in prevention of surgery for spinal pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Spine J 2015;15(2):348-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.10.011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25463400.
  310. Nampiaparampil DE, Nampiaparampil GM, Nampiaparampil RG. Oral opioid analgesics vs. spinal steroid injections in the treatment of low back pain syndromes. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2012;91(2):162-76. DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e318238a028. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22037559.
  311. Manchikanti L, Buenaventura RM, Manchikanti KN, et al. Effectiveness of therapeutic lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections in managing lumbar spinal pain. Pain Physician 2012;15(3):E199-245. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22622912.
  312. Simopoulos TT, Manchikanti L, Singh V, et al. A systematic evaluation of prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of sacroiliac joint interventions. Pain Physician 2012;15(3):E305-E344. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22622915.
  313. Dagenais S, Yelland MJ, Del Mar C, et al. Prolotherapy injections for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(2):CD004059. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17443537.
  314. Helm S, Deer TR, Manchikanti L, et al. Effectiveness of thermal annular procedures in treating discogenic low back pain. Pain Physician 2012;15(3):E279-304. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22622914.
  315. Saltychev M, Eskola M, Laimi K. Lumbar fusion compared with conservative treatment in patients with chronic low back pain: a meta-analysis. Int J Rehabil Res 2014;37(1):2-8. DOI: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e328363ba4b. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23820296.
  316. Choma TJ, Schuster JM, Norvell DC, et al. Fusion versus nonoperative management for chronic low back pain: do comorbid diseases or general health factors affect outcome? Spine (Phila Pa 1976 ) 2011;36(21 Suppl):S87-S95. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31822ef89e. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21897346.
  317. Willems PC, Staal JB, Walenkamp GH, et al. Spinal fusion for chronic low back pain: systematic review on the accuracy of tests for patient selection. Spine J 2013;13(2):99-109. DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2012.10.001. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23127364.
  318. Mroz TE, Norvell DC, Ecker E, et al. Fusion versus nonoperative management for chronic low back pain: do sociodemographic factors affect outcome? Spine (Phila Pa 1976 ) 2011;36(21 Suppl):S75-S86. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31822ef68c. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21952191.
  319. Ibrahim T, Tleyjeh IM, Gabbar O. Surgical versus non-surgical treatment of chronic low back pain: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Int Orthop 2008;32(1):107-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17119962.
  320. Mirza SK, Deyo RA. Systematic review of randomized trials comparing lumbar fusion surgery to nonoperative care for treatment of chronic back pain. Spine 2007;32(7):816-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17414918.
  321. Derby R, Baker RM, Lee CH. Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with minimally invasive nuclear decompression. Spine J 2008;8(1):150-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18164463.
  322. Chin KR, Tomlinson DT, Auerbach JD, et al. Success of lumbar microdiscectomy in patients with modic changes and low-back pain: a prospective pilot study. J Spinal Disord Tech 2008;21(2):139-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18391720.
  323. Becker A, Chenot JF, Niebling W, et al. DEGAM-Leitlinie Kreuzschmerzen - eine gekürzte Fassung der Langversion. Wie viel Diagnostik und welche Therapien sind sinnvoll? ZFA 2004;80:353-7.
  324. Bigos SJ, Holland J, Holland C, et al. High-quality controlled trials on preventing episodes of back problems: systematic literature review in working-age adults. Spine J 2009;9(2):147-68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19185272.
  325. Choi BK, Verbeek JH, Tam WW, et al. Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(1):CD006555. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006555.pub2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20091596.
  326. Schneider S, Zoller S. Körperliche Bewegung - gut für den Rücken? Eine bundesweite Repräsentativstudie zur unterschiedlichen Wirkung körperlicher Aktivität am Arbeitsplatz und in der Freizeit. Orthopade 2009. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19787333.
  327. van Poppel MN, Hooftman WE, Koes BW. An update of a systematic review of controlled clinical trials on the primary prevention of back pain at the workplace. Occup Med (Lond) 2004;54(5):345-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15289592.
  328. Demoulin C, Marty M, Genevay S, et al. Effectiveness of preventive back educational interventions for low back pain: a critical review of randomized controlled clinical trials. Eur Spine J 2012;21(12):2520-30. DOI: 10.1007/s00586-012-2445-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836365.
  329. O'Sullivan K, O'Keeffe M, O'Sullivan L, et al. The effect of dynamic sitting on the prevention and management of low back pain and low back discomfort: a systematic review. Ergonomics 2012;55(8):898-908. DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2012.676674. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22506694.
  330. Verbeek JH, Martimo KP, Karppinen J, et al. Manual material handling advice and assistive devices for preventing and treating back pain in workers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(6):CD005958. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005958.pub3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21678349.
  331. Clemes SA, Haslam CO, Haslam RA. What constitutes effective manual handling training? A systematic review. Occup Med (Lond) 2010;60(2):101-7. DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqp127. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19734238.
  332. Driessen MT, Proper KI, van Tulder MW, et al. The effectiveness of physical and organisational ergonomic interventions on low back pain and neck pain: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2010;67(4):277-85. DOI: 10.1136/oem.2009.047548. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360197.
  333. Waterschoot FP, Dijkstra PU, Hollak N, et al. Dose or content? Effectiveness of pain rehabilitation programs for patients with chronic low back pain: a systematic review. Pain 2014;155(1):179-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.10.006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24135435.
  334. Mesrian A. Multimodale Schmerztherapie bei chronischen und chronifizierenden Rückenschmerzen. Kriterien für den Behandlungserfolg. Man Med 2005;43(2):85-92.
  335. Pfingsten M, Hildebrandt J, Saur P, et al. Das Göttinger Rücken Intensiv Programm (GRIP). Ein multimodales Behandlungsprogramm für Patienten mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen, Teil 4. Prognostik und Fazit. Schmerz 1997;11(1):30-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12799837.
  336. Guzman J, Esmail R, Karjalainen K, et al. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: systematic review. BMJ 2001;322(7301):1511-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11420271.
  337. Mayer TG, Gatchel RJ. Functional restoration for spinal disorders: the sports medicine approach. Philadelphia: Lee & Febiger; 1988.
  338. Vlaeyen JW, Kole-Snijders AM, Boeren RG, et al. Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain 1995;62(3):363-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8657437.
  339. Arnold B, Brinkschmidt T, Casser HR, et al. Multimodale Schmerztherapie für die Behandlung chronischer Schmerzsyndrome. Schmerz 2014;28(5):459-72. DOI: 10.1007/s00482-014-1471-x. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25216605.
  340. Nagel B, Pfingsten M, Brinkschmidt T, et al. Struktur- und Prozessqualität multimodaler Schmerztherapie. Schmerz 2012;26(6):661-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00482-012-1207-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22956073.
  341. World Health Organization (WHO). Internationale Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF). Geneva: WHO; 2005.
  342. Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund (DRV-Bund). Medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation. Anforderungsprofil zur Durchführung der Medizinisch-beruflich orientierten Rehabilitation (MBOR) im Auftrag der Deutschen Rentenversicherung. 2015 [cited: 2016 Jun 09]. http://www.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/207024/publicationFile/50641/mbor_datei.pdf.
  343. Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund (DRV-Bund). Verhaltensmedizinisch orientierte Rehabilitation - Anforderungsprofil der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund für die verhaltensmedizinisch orientierte Rehabilitation (VOR). 2015 [cited: 2016 Jun 09]. http://www.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/322680/publicationFile/61959/verhaltensmed_ortho_reha_vmo.pdf.
  344. Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund (DRV-Bund). Positionspapier Rehabilitation 2010. 2010 [cited: 2016 Jun 09]. http://www.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de/Allgemein/de/Inhalt/3_Infos_fuer_Experten/01_sozialmedizin_forschung/downloads/konzepte_systemfragen/konzepte/Positionspapier_Reha_2010.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4.
  345. Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund (DRV-Bund). Reha-Therapiestandards Chronischer Rückenschmerz. Für die medizinische Rehabilitation der Rentenversicherung. 2016 [cited: 2016 Jun 09]. http://www.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de/Allgemein/de/Inhalt/3_Infos_fuer_Experten/01_sozialmedizin_forschung/downloads/quali_rehatherapiestandards/Rueckenschmerz/rts_rueckenschmerz_download.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=15.
  346. Pfeifer K. Rückengesundheit - Neue aktive Wege. Köln: Dt. Ärzte-Verl.; 2007.
  347. Pfeifer K, Heinz B, Hänsel F. Bewegungsbezogene Intervention zur Förderung der Rückengesundheit - Ein Kurskonzept. Entwicklung eines multimodalen Programms im Auftrag der Bertelsmann-Stiftung und der Akademie für Manuelle Medizin. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung; 2005.
  348. Schaafsma FG, Anema JR, van der Beek AJ. Back pain: Prevention and management in the workplace. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2015;29(3):483-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2015.04.028. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612243.
  349. Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV). Leitfaden zum betrieblichen Eingliederungsmanagement. Praxishilfe für die Beratung der UV-Träger in den Betrieben. Berlin: 2014. http://www.dguv.de/medien/inhalt/praevention/fachbereiche/fb-gesundheitsdienst/documents/leitfaden_bem.pdf.
  350. Initiative Gesunde Arbeit (IGA), Knoche K, Sochert R. iga-Report 24: Betriebliches Eingliederungsmanagement in Deutschland - eine Bestandsaufnahme. 2013. http://www.iga-info.de/fileadmin/redakteur/Veroeffentlichungen/iga_Reporte/Dokumente/iga-Report_24_Betriebliches_Eingliederungsmanagement.pdf.
  351. Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund (DRV-Bund). Betriebliches Eingliederungsmanagement. Handlungsleitfaden zum Betrieblichen Eingliederungsmanagement. Ein Wegweiser für Unternehmen und andere Akteure im Betrieblichen Eingliederungsmanagement. 2010 [cited: 2016 Jun 09]. http://www.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/203202/publicationFile/37514/handlungsleitfaden_download.pdf.
  352. Rudwaleit M, Metter A, Listing J, et al. Inflammatory back pain in ankylosing spondylitis: a reassessment of the clinical history for application as classification and diagnostic criteria. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54(2):569-78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16447233.
  353. Domen PM, Hofman PA, van SH, et al. Predictive value of clinical characteristics in patients with suspected cauda equina syndrome. Eur J Neurol 2009;16(3):416-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02510.x. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19490073.
  354. Bell DA, Collie D, Statham PF. Cauda equina syndrome: what is the correlation between clinical assessment and MRI scanning? Br J Neurosurg 2007;21(2):201-3. DOI: 10.1080/02688690701317144. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17453789.
  355. Hill JC, Dunn KM, Lewis M, et al. A primary care back pain screening tool: identifying patient subgroups for initial treatment. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59(5):632-41. DOI: 10.1002/art.23563. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18438893.
  356. Aebischer B, Hill JC, Hilfiker R, et al. German Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the STarT Back Screening Tool. PLoS One 2015;10(7):e0132068. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132068. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26161669.
  357. Hurley DA, Dusoir TE, McDonough SM, et al. How effective is the acute low back pain screening questionnaire for predicting 1-year follow-up in patients with low back pain? Clin J Pain 2001;17(3):256-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11587118.
  358. Linton SJ, Nicholas M, MacDonald S. Development of a short form of the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011;36(22):1891-5. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181f8f775. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21192286.
  359. Boersma K, Linton SJ. Screening to identify patients at risk: profiles of psychological risk factors for early intervention. Clin J Pain 2005;21(1):38-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15599130.
  360. Neubauer E, Junge A, Pirron P, et al. HKF-R 10 - screening for predicting chronicity in acute low back pain (LBP): a prospective clinical trial. Eur J Pain 2006;10(6):559-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16202634.
  361. Hasenbring MI, Plaas H, Fischbein B, et al. The relationship between activity and pain in patients 6 months after lumbar disc surgery: do pain-related coping modes act as moderator variables? Eur J Pain 2006;10(8):701-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16426878.
  362. Hallner D, Hasenbring M. Classification of psychosocial risk factors (yellow flags) for the development of chronic low back and leg pain using artificial neural network. Neurosci Lett 2004;361(1-3):151-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15135916.
  363. Hasenbring M. Durchhaltestrategien - ein in Schmerzforschung und Therapie vernachlässigtes Phänomen. Schmerz 1993;7:304-13.
NVL Nicht-spezifischer Kreuzschmerz, 2. Auflage, 2017. Version 1

Mehr zur NVL Nicht-spezifischer Kreuzschmerz

Bitte beachten Sie, dass nur die unter www.leitlinien.de enthaltenen Dokumente des Programms für Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinien durch die Träger des NVL-Programms autorisiert und damit gültig sind. Bei NVL-Dokumenten, die Sie von anderen Webseiten beziehen, übernehmen wir keine Verantwortung für deren Gültigkeit.

Das Archiv enthält abgelaufene, zurückgezogene Dokumente zur Nationalen Versorgungsleitlinie Nicht-spezifischer Kreuzschmerz.

Hinweise und Kommentare

Sie haben Hinweise und Kommentare zu unserem Internetangebot?

Wird geladen
zuletzt verändert: 24.08.2021 | 14:42 Uhr